diff --git a/TATA54/TENTOR/#tenta-TATA54-20240822-skiss.org# b/TATA54/TENTOR/#tenta-TATA54-20240822-skiss.org# new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb6577bc98f1d0f82361afd70f64f8335ce90d4c --- /dev/null +++ b/TATA54/TENTOR/#tenta-TATA54-20240822-skiss.org# @@ -0,0 +1,377 @@ +#+title: TATA54 tenta 20240601, lösningskiss +#+author: Jan Snellman + +* Preliminärt +5 uppgifter, 3p för varje. Försöker täcka +- Kongruensräkning +- Hensellyft +- Kvadratisk reciprocite +- Kedjebråk +- Pell eller Pytagoranska tripplar + + +* Gemensamm kod +#+begin_src sage :session :export none +def H_L_tree(f, p: int, r: int): + vert = [(0,0)] + for j in range(1,r+1): + fj = f.change_ring(Integers(p^j)) + fzj = fj.roots(multiplicities=False) + vert += [(z,j) for z in fzj] + return DiGraph([vert, + lambda u,v: (u[1] == 1 and v[1] == 0) + or + ( (u[1] == v[1]+1) and ((u[0] - v[0]) % p^v[1] ==0) ) + ]) +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: + +#+begin_src latex + \newcommand{\QQ}{\mathbf{Q}} + \newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbf{Z}} +#+end_src +* Uppgifterna +** U1 +#+begin_src latex + Hur många lösningar har kongruensen + \begin{displaymath} + x^4 +2x +4 \equiv 0 \mod 625 + \end{displaymath} +#+end_src + + +#+begin_src sage + :session + p = 5 + k = 4 + q = p^k + R.<x> = ZZ[] + f = x^4 + 2*x + 3 + [(s,f.roots(Integers(p^s),multiplicities=False)) for s in range(k+1)] + df = f.diff() + df, df(3) +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +: [(0, [0]), (1, [3]), (2, []), (3, []), (4, [])] +: (4*x^3 + 2, 110) + +#+begin_src sage :session :results file :file "nu1.png" + H_L_tree(f,p,k).show(layout='tree') +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +[[file:nu1.png]] + + +** U2 + + +#+begin_src latex + Hitta alla rationella punkter på kurvan + \begin{displaymath} + x^2 +2y^2 - 1 = 0 + \end{displaymath} + +#+end_src + +Parametrisera med lutning, rationell punkt (-1,0) + +#+begin_src sage + :session + var('s,t,x,y') + kurva = x^2 + 2*y^2-1 + linje = y - t*(x+1) + soln = solve([kurva,linje],[x,y]) + soln + rp = soln[0] + rp + soln2 = solve([linje],[t]) + soln2 +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +: (s, t, x, y) +: [[x == -(2*t^2 - 1)/(2*t^2 + 1), y == 2*t/(2*t^2 + 1)], [x == -1, y == 0]] +: [x == -(2*t^2 - 1)/(2*t^2 + 1), y == 2*t/(2*t^2 + 1)] +: [t == y/(x + 1)] + +#+begin_src sage :session :results file :file "nu2.png" +epsi = 10^(-1) +parametric_plot((rp[0].rhs(),rp[1].rhs()), (t,+epsi,1/sqrt(7) -epsi) ) +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +[[file:nu2.png]] + +** U3 +#+begin_src sage :session + legendre_symbol(187,23) +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +: 1 + +** U4 +#+begin_src latex + Låt \(\tau(n)\) beteckna antalet positiva delare till heltalet \(n\). + Visa att + \[ + \sum_{k=1}^n \tau(k) = \sum_{k=1}^n \left \lfloor \frac{n}{k} \right \rfloor + \] +#+end_src + +#+begin_s +rc sage :session +n=20 +[(k,number_of_divisors(k),floor(n/k)) for k in range(1,n+1)] + +def u(n): + return sum(number_of_divisors(k) for k in range(1,n+1)) + +def w(n): + return sum(floor(n/k) for k in range(1,n+1)) + +[(k,u(k),w(k)) for k in range(1,20+1)] + +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: + +#+begin_example +[(1, 1, 20), + (2, 2, 10), + (3, 2, 6), + (4, 3, 5), + (5, 2, 4), + (6, 4, 3), + (7, 2, 2), + (8, 4, 2), + (9, 3, 2), + (10, 4, 2), + (11, 2, 1), + (12, 6, 1), + (13, 2, 1), + (14, 4, 1), + (15, 4, 1), + (16, 5, 1), + (17, 2, 1), + (18, 6, 1), + (19, 2, 1), + (20, 6, 1)] +[(1, 1, 1), + (2, 3, 3), + (3, 5, 5), + (4, 8, 8), + (5, 10, 10), + (6, 14, 14), + (7, 16, 16), + (8, 20, 20), + (9, 23, 23), + (10, 27, 27), + (11, 29, 29), + (12, 35, 35), + (13, 37, 37), + (14, 41, 41), + (15, 45, 45), + (16, 50, 50), + (17, 52, 52), + (18, 58, 58), + (19, 60, 60), + (20, 66, 66)] +#+end_example + +** U5 + + +#+begin_src latex + +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +#+begin_export latex +Hur många lösningar har ekvationen +\(x^2 \equiv 187 \mod 23\)? +Hur många har +\(x^2 \equiv 23 \mod 187\)? +#+end_export + + +#+begin_src s +age :session +p = 23 +a = 11*17 +a +legendre_symbol(a,p) + +R.<x> = ZZ[] +f = x^2 -23 +f.roots(Integers(187),multiplicities=False) +f.roots(Integers(11),multiplicities=False) +f.roots(Integers(17),multiplicities=False) +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +: 187 +: 1 +: [] +: [10, 1] +: [] + +** U7 +#+begin_src latex +Låt \(r=117/119\). Hitta positiva heltal \(a,b\) med \(b < 119\) +så att \(|a/b - r| \le |c/d -r|\) för alla +positiva heltal \(c,d\) med \(d < 119\). +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +#+begin_export latex +Låt \(r=117/119\). Hitta positiva heltal \(a,b\) med \(b < 119\) +så att \(|a/b - r| \le |c/d -r|\) för alla +positiva heltal \(c,d\) med \(d < 119\). +#+end_export + +#+begin_src sage :session +p=117 +q= 119 +r=p/q +cf = continued_fraction(r) +cf +best = cf.convergent(2) +fel = abs(p/q - best) +"kedjebråkapprox fel", fel + +for j in range(2,q): + under = floor(r*j) + over = under+1 + funder = abs(under/j - r) + fover = abs(over/j - r) + print(j,funder.n(),fover.n(),fel.n()) +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +#+begin_example +[0; 1, 58, 2] +('kedjebråkapprox fel', 1/7021) +2 0.483193277310924 0.0168067226890756 0.000142429853297251 +3 0.316526610644258 0.0168067226890756 0.000142429853297251 +4 0.233193277310924 0.0168067226890756 0.000142429853297251 +5 0.183193277310924 0.0168067226890756 0.000142429853297251 +6 0.149859943977591 0.0168067226890756 0.000142429853297251 +7 0.126050420168067 0.0168067226890756 0.000142429853297251 +8 0.108193277310924 0.0168067226890756 0.000142429853297251 +9 0.0943043884220355 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0.000287294404941464 0.00825971414206708 0.000142429853297251 +118 0.000142429853297251 0.00833214641788919 0.000142429853297251 +#+end_example + +* Slut diff --git a/TATA54/TENTOR/.#tenta-TATA54-20240822-skiss.org b/TATA54/TENTOR/.#tenta-TATA54-20240822-skiss.org new file mode 120000 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98366aef3653dfbec8bc58972ce3ac5fe43df19f --- /dev/null +++ b/TATA54/TENTOR/.#tenta-TATA54-20240822-skiss.org @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +jansn@jansn19-thinkpad.130192:1724236765 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.aux b/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.aux new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9fae547ff9ccbf0ba8740bb229cd301b05a79ba --- /dev/null +++ b/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.aux @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +\relax +\providecommand\babel@aux[2]{} +\@nameuse{bbl@beforestart} +\catcode `"\active +\babel@aux{swedish}{} +\gdef \@abspage@last{1} diff --git 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a/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.tex b/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0141a6216c829abdcd3adbed3f1d2f5c8cb8106 --- /dev/null +++ b/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.tex @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{euler} +\usepackage{a4wide} +\usepackage{enumerate} +\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[swedish]{babel} +\newcommand{\sgd}{\mathrm{sgd}} +\newcommand{\set}[1]{\left\{{#1}\right\}} +\newcommand{\vek}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}} +\newcommand\setsuchas[2]{\left\{\,{#1}\,\vrule\,{#2}\,\right\}} +\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} +\newcommand{\QQ}{\mathbb{Q}} +\newcommand{\legendre}[2]{\genfrac{(}{)}{}{}{#1}{#2}} +\newcommand{\divides}[2]{{#1} \lvert {#2}} +\newcommand{\soln}{\textbf{Lösning: }} +\pagestyle{empty} +\begin{document} +{ + \noindent Lösningar till + Talteori 6hp, Kurskod TATA54, Provkod TEN1 \\ +22 aug 2024 kl 14-18 \\ +LINKÖPINGS UNIVERSITET\\ +Matematiska Institutionen\\ +Examinator: Jan Snellman} + +\bigskip + + +\begin{enumerate}[1)] + +\item + Hur många lösningar har kongruensen + \begin{displaymath} + x^4 +2x +4 \equiv 0 \mod 625 ? + \end{displaymath} + + \soln Kalla polynomet för \(f(x)\). Modulo 5 finns den enda lösningen + \(x \equiv 3 \mod 5\). Eftersom \(f'(3)=110 \equiv 0 \mod 5\) + så lyfter inga eller alla av \(3 + 5s\), \(s=0,1,2,3,4\), + till lösningar modulo 25. Eftersom \(f(3)=110 \not \equiv 0\) + så finns inga lösningar modulo 25, och alltså inga modulo 625. + +\item Hitta alla rationella punkter på kurvan + \begin{displaymath} + x^2 +2y^2 - 1 = 0. + \end{displaymath} +Annorlunda uttryckt, hitta alla rationella lösningar till ekvationen +(inte bara heltalslösningar). + +\soln Vi har de triviala lösningarna \((1,0),(-1,0)\). +Linjen \(y=t(x+1)\) skär ellipsen i \((-1,0)\) +samt i \(\frac{1}{2t^2+1}(1-2t^2, 2t)\). Det ger en bijektion mellan +rella linjen och kurvan minus +punkten \((-1,0))\). Inversen ges av \((x,y) \mapsto \frac{y}{x+1}\). +Båda dessa avbildningar respekterar rationalitet, så de rationella punkterna på kurvan +är \((-1,0)\) samt \(\frac{1}{2t^2+1}(1-2t^2, 2t)\) för \(t \in \QQ\). + + + + +\item + Hur många lösningar har kongruensen +\(x^2 \equiv 187 \mod 23\)? + +\soln 23 är ett primtal, och +\(\legendre{187}{23} = \legendre{3}{23} = - \legendre{23}{3} = - \legendre{2}{3} +=1\). Alltså har 187 precis 2 kvadratrötter modulo 23. + +\item + Hur många lösningar har kongruensen + \(x^2 \equiv 23 \mod 187\)? + + \soln \(187=11*17\) och + \(\legendre{23}{17}=\legendre{6}{17} = \legendre{2}{17} \legendre{3}{17}\) + + \item + Låt \(r=117/119\). Hitta positiva heltal \(a,b\) med \(b < 119\) + så att + \[ + |a/b - r| \le |c/d -r| + \] + för alla + positiva heltal \(c,d\) med \(d < 119\). + + +\item + Låt \(\tau(n)\) beteckna antalet positiva delare till det positiva heltalet \(n\), + och låt \(\lfloor r \rfloor\) beteckna heltalsdelen av \(r\). + Gäller det att + \[ + \sum_{k=1}^n \tau(k) = + \sum_{k=1}^n \left \lfloor \frac{n}{k} \right \rfloor + \] + för alla positiva heltal \(n\)? Ge bevis eller motexempel. + + %https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1749204/sum-of-number-of-divisors-function-equals-sum-j-1n-lfloor-n-j-rfloor +\end{enumerate} + + + + +\end{document} + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: t +%%% End: + + diff --git a/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.tex~ b/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.tex~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7535bd3333cc5c0186d72c9b2bfa9f9c1727aab --- /dev/null +++ b/TATA54/TENTOR/tenta-TATA54-20240822-losning.tex~ @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} +%\usepackage{times} +%\usepackage{euler} +%\usepackage{a4wide} +\usepackage{enumerate} +\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[swedish]{babel} +\newcommand{\sgd}{\mathrm{sgd}} +\newcommand{\set}[1]{\left\{{#1}\right\}} +\newcommand{\vek}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}} +\newcommand\setsuchas[2]{\left\{\,{#1}\,\vrule\,{#2}\,\right\}} +\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} +\newcommand{\QQ}{\mathbb{Q}} +\newcommand{\legendre}[2]{\genfrac{(}{)}{}{}{#1}{#2}} +\newcommand{\divides}[2]{{#1} \lvert {#2}} +\pagestyle{empty} +\begin{document} +{ +\noindent Talteori 6hp, Kurskod TATA54, Provkod TEN1 \\ +22 aug 2024 kl 14-18 \\ +LINKÖPINGS UNIVERSITET\\ +Matematiska Institutionen\\ +Examinator: Jan Snellman} + +\bigskip + + +Alla problem ger maximalt 3 poäng. Full poäng kräver fullständig lösning. +8p räcker för betyg 3, 11p för betyg 4, 14p för betyg 5. + + + +\medskip + +\begin{enumerate}[1)] + +\item + Hur många lösningar har kongruensen + \begin{displaymath} + x^4 +2x +4 \equiv 0 \mod 625 ? + \end{displaymath} + + +\item Hitta alla rationella punkter på kurvan + \begin{displaymath} + x^2 +2y^2 - 1 = 0. + \end{displaymath} +Annorlunda uttryckt, hitta alla rationella lösningar till ekvationen +(inte bara heltalslösningar). + + +\item + Hur många lösningar har kongruensen +\(x^2 \equiv 187 \mod 23\)? + +\item + Hur många lösningar har kongruensen + \(x^2 \equiv 23 \mod 187\)? + + \item + Låt \(r=117/119\). Hitta positiva heltal \(a,b\) med \(b < 119\) + så att + \[ + |a/b - r| \le |c/d -r| + \] + för alla + positiva heltal \(c,d\) med \(d < 119\). + + +\item + Låt \(\tau(n)\) beteckna antalet positiva delare till det positiva heltalet \(n\), + och låt \(\lfloor r \rfloor\) beteckna heltalsdelen av \(r\). + Gäller det att + \[ + \sum_{k=1}^n \tau(k) = + \sum_{k=1}^n \left \lfloor \frac{n}{k} \right \rfloor + \] + för alla positiva heltal \(n\)? Ge bevis eller motexempel. + + %https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1749204/sum-of-number-of-divisors-function-equals-sum-j-1n-lfloor-n-j-rfloor +\end{enumerate} + + + + +\end{document} + +%%% Local Variables: +%%% mode: latex +%%% TeX-master: t +%%% End: + +